Business Intelligence to Maximise Profits

Business intelligence to Maximise ProfitsObjective (Industry over clear, BI summary)I encounter chosen this topic because the decisions made in fossil vegetable crude cover and heavy weapon companies slang a huge impact on global economy and boilers suit environment. Requirements of the developed economy for liquid natural gas and oil both as fuel and as in raw materials for the chemical assiduity is steadily increasing. Demand lifting has led to sharp increase in the prices for oil and for hydrocarbon raw materials as a whole, which has ca apply increase in extraction of these products in any countries possessing deposits of hydrocarbons. The oil and gas sector became the main donor of pecuniary resources for the state budget of the country. This topic will cover how Business apprehension (BI) tools support way to consolidate procedures and to maximize profits, through cutting cost and data integration. BI along with data warehouses and dividing line analytics rep resent that toolkit which allows oil gas companies to take a maximum of the schooling from the available aboriginal data, to reveal the basic trends and to construct prognosticate models, i.e., finally, to transubstantiate the available community data into a source of additional profit. In addition to BI, scathe like business performance management (BPM), business process management ( likewise BPM), incorporate performance management (CPM), and business activity monitoring (BAM), shed also emerged. All of these are a part of BI. They are all dependent on BI tools, but it should be noted that BI is not dependent on them.In my understanding BI-projects need to be considered not only as object of reduction of expenses, but also as the tool of development which gouge bring profit to fellowship. Functions of analytics and forecasting which are intended for the decision of strategic questions, will help to tush priorities during crisis measure, to define principal causes of ex penses and potential sources of growth. Having found out them such company shag work over deduction of optable clients and increase of profitableness of business at the expense of attraction of the new. Only with the help of BI it is possible to carry out forecasting of situation, setting different conditions and receiving results of forecasts depending on the set parameters.The primary natural covering of BI in oil and gas companies is to help management consolidate operations and cut costs. The basic goals learn been to shorten the time required to create reports and analyses, improve the accuracy of in governing body and create a single selective information repository. The most car park application areas for BI have been to provide financial reports and analyses, and support business operations with a special focus on ERP. In our days the new-fangled large oil and gas companies represent vertically integrated companies. upended integration describes the ownership or con trol by a self-coloured of different stages of the production process, e.g., petroleum refining firms owning downstream the terminal shop and retail gasoline distribution facilities and upstream the crude oil dramaturgy wells and transportation pipelines. It can be achieved through MA (mergers and acquisitions) or investment. Upstream is a term which describes the exploration and production sectors within the oil and gas assiduity. Downstream, in the context of the oil and gas industry, applies to the refining and market sectors of the industry. Oil and gas products are commodities and are, therefore, competitive found on price. This makes the industry cost-conscious and highly dependent upon the price of crude oil, the basic business driver in the industry and the raw material for production (Skriletz, 2002).Purpose of the searchThe increased requirements to efficiency and quality of accepted decisions at all levels of operations in oil gas companies leads to finding of de cision-making support techniques. It assumes possession of the effective universal information on a condition and tendencies of development of business by methods and BI means. Thus the volume of the information which is necessary for considering for formation of optimum well-founded decisions steadily grows. It leads to a situation when it becomes effectively unacceptable to operate the company without use of modern means of information support. Transactional data is good for keeping track of what is incident in an organization, but is not well suited to finding out why things are happening or predicting future performance. In other words, after years of lay potentially worth(predicate) financial data into your corporate databases, it is now time to put the tools in place to get the data out of the like systems and organize it in recyclable ways to support the decision-making process.The purpose of the inquiry is to show that BI is such a tool which gives the chance to the organisations to transform the accumulated data in the information on business, and then the information into additional source of profit. The seek question is how the value of BI should be considered in the context of profitable business action. BI has become an judge business competency for improving decision-making effectiveness. Leading enterprises are establishing competency in aspects of BI such as decision modelling and support so that all workers, managers and executives can take the most effective action in a given business situation. Lacking worthy BI tools oil companies risks to stay competitive or even to sustain in a business.What is much I want to apply my research outcomes in KMG, the enigma is that BI is not so developed in Kazakhstan, so I hope my intimacy will be gainful to my company as employer and to me as employee. literary worksThere is currently enough media attention guidance on this subject and about this topic. A majority of these can be found in IT magazines, newspaper articles and on the internet, but the credibility of these sources is questionable. They can also be written by people who dont know a lot about the subject and have formed an opinion based on minimum information. IT magazines articles are often written in a biased way in terms of being in favour of one vendor, such as company propaganda or from the point of mickle of the writer. This data can be misleading, articles written by Gartner and TDWI analysts have more credibility and raise important questions and viewpoints which I believe should be considered in my report. Below is the list of books and resources I am willing to use during my researchThe Profit Impact of Business Intelligence (2007), Williams S., Williams N.. Morgam Kaufmann PublishersThis book insures plenty of mini-cases and useful information for my project.Business Intelligence, The Savvy Managers Guide (2009), D.Loshin, Morgan Kaufmann PublishersThis book provides a knowledge base for the dec ision makers to determine the value of integrating BI into the company. In this book I want to look at the modern view of the collection and integration of transactional and reference data as a valuable resource that can be used for analytical purposes.BI succeeder Factors Tools for Aligning your Business in the Global Economy (2009), O.Parr Rud, flush toilet Wiley Sonsfiscal BI Trends, Technology, Software Selection and Implementation (2002), Nils Rasmussen, Paul S. Goldy, Per O. Solli, Publisher John Wiley Sons 1 editionThis book will help me to review how managers can quickly and easily analyse the financial data in the corporate databases in order to be able to make more gifted decisions about the future. Consequently it will help me to analyse the impact of BI financial tools.TDWI Best Practices Reports SeriesThis series is designed to educate expert and business professionals about new BI technologies, concepts, or approaches that address a significant problem or issue. Research for the reports is conducted via interviews with industry experts and leading-edge user companies and is supplemented by surveys of BI professionals.Gartner Inc.Gartner source is the most comprehensive collection of analysis and advice for the users and vendors of technology.methodological analysisIn my research I want to follow multi -method, which will bindInterview To get more practical point of view I am going to interview those who work on implementation of BI tools and use SAP-ERP in gas transportation, to be more precise financial department in KazMunayGas and KazTransGas. KazMunayGas is the state-owned oil and gas company of Kazakhstan and KazTransGas one of KazMunayGaz subsidiaries trustworthy for gas transportation.Trend analysis Phenomena that are or have been in the process of change are examined to identify and report the directions of trends and to make interpretations and forecasts.Literature As I mentioned previously soft data sources (TDWI and Gartner) w ill contain different cases in my research. Conducting qualitative research requires an open attitude in order to understand how others experience their situation. Qualitative research is characterised by the event that the researcher works on the basis of an open questionQualitative research represents the general name for a group of investigative procedures with common characteristics. Also, qualitative research is empirical in the same sense as other recognized forms of scientific inquiry. It relies on observation.Qualitative research encompasses several(prenominal) forms of the investigation. They all share this characteristic The data used do not accommodate readily to quantification, specification, objectification, or classification. Because of that, common statistical procedures cannot be used for data display or analysis. Typical of such data expertness be reports of participant observation or the texts of in-depth and relatively unstructured interviews. come across plan a nd schedule

Lasting Effects of Childhood Trauma

Lasting Effects of puerility TraumaDave Pelzer is the dupe of the third-worst barbarian ridicule case in the tale of California. In his book A baby C whollyed It, he says, I knew I was never meant to be loved. I knew I would never live a flavour a wish my brothers. scald of all, I knew it was only a matter of sequence until Kevin his fumble brother would scorn me, just like the others did (Pelzer 145 ch.7). In this quote, Pelzer demonstrates just the stirred nerve of the proceedings of fryhood harm. He was so crimed by his develop that he thought he was never meant to be loved. concord to ER Nurse Lynda Gibbons, Domestic violence child ill-use/trauma refers to the use or scourge of physical, sexual or emotional force by spouses, partners, relatives, or any angiotensin-converting enzyme else with a tightfitting relationship with their victims. Childhood trauma corporation abide both(prenominal)(prenominal) steadfast emotional, psychological, and physical ef fects.As a method of profane, Pelzers beat would tell him that she had received a letter from the North Pole, or the principle (which was a lie Pelzer was a good student) saying Pelzer had been a poor boy, and would then proceed to punish him for it. The continued cry out left Pelzer tactual sensation worthless and like everything was his fault. This level of abuse is called emotional abuse, and its effects ar precursors of more serious effects. Emotional abuse can affect umpteen an(prenominal) beas of your life, with the most a lot abnormal being relations with family members. Women who were treat as children will most plausibly throw an exceedingly difficult time raising a child. To feel like they be still in control (because control is frequently essential in the daily lives of antecedently abused women), they will enact measures of aggression, submission, or any number of divergent essentials that be unique to the individual (Prescott). These measures arg on requirement to them because of the traumatic sleep withs of their youth. As a result, the child will feel like his or her come has lost her mind and will distance himself or herself from her. This distance can occupy the same emotional detriment as neglect, a found of emotional abuse, and can leave perdurable effects on the childs mind. handsomes who experienced certified public accountant (Childhood Physical treat) and CSA (Childhood Sexual Abuse) whitethorn be over- or under-protective of their child, resulting in an unhealthy relationship or integrity the child perceives as unloving (Prescott). crowings who were abused as children may have a unstated time connecting with their friends and family. The victims friends fade a counsel in many cases, as they are too afraid of other great deal to spend time with them. The victim may in any case have an extremely difficult time forming new relationships, since that would require reaching out to strangers, which is hard f or nearone with that kind of emotional violate to do. Most victims of emotional abuse do not know how to handle themselves around lot they are not familiar with and lack the understanding of people required to form lasting emotional bonds.Victims of abuse may also suffer from a lack or absence of self-esteem. Dave Pelzer experienced many forms of abuse, but in that location was one instance that modify his self-esteem more than others. In an lather to destroy his self-respect, Pelzers mother attempted to make him eat his baby brothers defecation (Pelzer 55-57). This disgusting example of abuse threw Pelzer into a well of despair and self-destructive thoughts. Damaging a childs self-esteem is a n advance(prenominal) sure-fire way to stultification them emotionally, because the way we view ourselves is essential to how we react to different things that fade. For example, if a child who had been previously abused and punched by an fully grown, he or she may believe it is his or her fault because the abuse lowered hi or her self-esteem to often(prenominal) a point that he or she has no sense of self-worth. crushed self-esteem and continued abuse can consider to self-destructive deportment later in life. To back this up, a study was through in 1994 on previously abused women 65-70% of women who suffered abuse as children were considered permanently damaged by professional psychiatrist. In an effort to recover, the women had to sit in with a psychiatrist and be told, perennially, that it was not their faults they were abused it was the abusers (Prescott). Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be even more detrimental to a individuals self-esteem. In a recent article on relations with the effects of CSA, Andrya Prescott says that approximately people may find it very emotionally traumatic, some may be in denial. Denial is a coping weapon that prevents mortal from consciously experiencing the pain or trauma from an event by making the person believe it did not actually happen (even though they subconsciously know it did). Another factor in the amount of sensed damage to a persons emotional state is how early in life the trauma occurs. If the trauma occurs earlier in life, it has a far more powerful effect on the victim. This extends to even antenatal trauma, experienced by the mother and then the fetus has the same biochemical, and hence emotional, response. This feeling of di accent mark is imprinted on the childs subconscious, and can go on to cause anxiety and low self-esteem (Harris). This imprinted trauma acts like a trigger, and, when detonated by CPA or CSA, can result in severe psychiatric disquiets (Jovanovic et al.).Victims of CPA and CSA are nearly always unnatural by their former abuse later on in life. They oft develop phobias, which are defined as fears with no rationale john them, or irrational fears. Just for example, women who were abused as children often have a large phobia of needles and men (Prescott). These fears can go on to disrupt their public lives as adults, and their interactions with other people. Parents who experienced child abuse will often distance themselves from their children, because they fear their child being abused and often even fear themselves abusing their child (Prescott). While some may see this as foolish, it is sensible. The adult was abused, so they fear they will curve into their parents and start abusing their kids. This is referred to as the pass of abuse. Another common fear that some survivors of abuse experience is the fear of being strapped down or held (Prescott). both(prenominal) of these fears make more sense than others, but they all can have a serious effect on a persons life.People who were abused often have latent fears, or fears that remain around subconsciously. A major sign of latent fears is flashbacks. People who experience CPA or CSA may have extreme reactions and flashbacks triggered by everyday items or occurrences i.e. kitche n utensils or alarm clocks going moody (Prescott). Flashbacks occur when someone is reminded of a traumatic experience, and he or she remembers that experience in vivid detail, in a way that is comparable to living it a second time. These flashbacks can be very hard on someone who is already suffering emotionally, and can even compound the trauma that is already there and undo any therapy the victim has received since the incident. Latent fears are especially prevalent in women when they are raising a child. giving birth can be extremely traumatic for a womanhood who has experienced CSA and can do lasting harm to the relationship amid herself and her child. The mother does not show love to the child, for fear of growing close to anyone, and the child does not show love to her child, etc. This is part of the cycle of abuse, but is more old bagd on neglect than actual abuse (Prescott).Psychological effects are a step up from emotional effects. The emotional injuries that accumula te from abuse often hide deep privileged a persons subconscious, causing them to develop nearly-permanent psychological issues. Studies have shown that women are more vulnerable to the effects of CPA and are alter for far longer periods of time than men (Haatainen et al.).Usually the first thing that is affected psychologically is a persons stress response. When one experiences something that his or her body recognizes as stressful, it initiates the HPA (Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis. This axis controls the amount of hormones that are circulating done his or her body at any given time. When one experiences stress, it releases cortisol, also called the stress hormone. cortisol, along with epinephrine and a few other hormones, activates ones fight-or-flight response. The heart will beat faster, blood flow to the originator increases, and the muscles receive more oxygen, all to prepare one to react to some(prenominal) the stressful stimulus is. When a child experiences trau ma or stress repeatedly over a long period of time, his/her body loses the might to calm down essentially, he or she is always in a fight-or-flight response. This can lead to the knowledge of phobias and an increased or decreased base cortisol level (Simkin). Penny Simkin, discussing this inability to calm down, saysDuring trauma, an individual reacts with one or two basic survival responses a sympathetic uneasy system response fight or flightor a parasympathetic nervous system response meltzing . . . . If the trauma is repeated frequently, the child learns to never let her guard down, which leads to an inability to turn off these adaptive responses when there is no danger.A recent test done on people who experienced early life stress (ELS) showed that ELS has extreme neurobiological effects. These effects include an overbalance of cortisol, which can lead to a number of illnesses and conditions (Jovanovic et al.). According to Tanja Jovanovic, ELS can have a long lasting effect on the human mind. She says, early-life stress (ELS) is a predictor of adult MDD Major depressive disorder, whereas ELS and adult trauma are both predictors of PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (Jovanovic et al.). This suggests that ELS acts like a fuse, and the adult trauma is the trigger that sets the fuse off, ending in a psychiatric disorder such as PTSD (Jovanovic et al.). A childhood of physical and sexual abuse can also lead people to seek other means of release, such as drugs or alcohol. Dr. Rebecca Reeve, in an article on the long-term effects of child abuse, says, Among men, the fortune of drug abuse rose from 7.5 per cent generally to 25.8 per cent for those who had suffered feature CPA and CSA abuse. This is saying that people who experienced child abuse develop a dependency on alcohol often because they need to be better of the emotional stress of their trauma (Reeve).Another major psychological effect from child abuse is developmental problems. In fact, children who are abused frequently lose memories of their childhood, as a coping mechanism in their subconscious. In this way, they lost an essential portion of their development, causing them to be behind others in speech, intellect, or social ability (Simkin). Children need a constant plus parental influence to develop correctly. Without a guiding hand, children are oftentimes more in all likelihood to develop extreme behavioral problems, when accompanied by instability in the household (Bakker et al.). Early trauma can also have a direct influence on the development of a childs brain. Trauma during childhood could result in halted growing of the hippocampus, the part of the brain that is used to learn and store memories. It could also damage the prefrontal cortex, which regulates behavior (Suyaga et al.). Stress plays a large role in this halted development as well. If a child is subjected to long periods of heightened stress, it increases the amount of CBGs (corticosteroid-binding gl obulin) that are produced. This change can often be permanent. As more CBGs are produced than there are at normal levels, it binds to cortisol, neutralizing it. Since there is less free cortisol in the blood, there is more perceived stress. This overbalance causes across-the-board periods of stress in which more cortisol and CBGs are produced in a vicious cycle, leading to the development of PTSD, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and other psychiatric disorders (Childhood Trauma). In a test conducted by ISTSS (International alliance for Traumatic Stress Studies), it was found that people who were victims of CPA had a much higher percentage of at least one psychiatric disorder and a higher suicide attempt rate than people who did not experience CPA (Suyaga et al.). Childhood trauma also has a lasting effect on ones internal body systems. According to a recent study on the effects of early life stress, ELS that stems from child abuse (CPA or CSA) can result in neurohormonal development iss ues, which can cause permanent hormonal dysfunction disorders i.e. dwarfism (Carpenter et al.). matures who were abused as children may also be damaged in such a way that they abuse their children. They were accustomed to beatings and being maltreated, and it became commonplace and in some wrong way, right. When they are parents (if they are ever able to overcome the trauma and have children), they treat their children in the same way, because of some subconscious compulsion. The history of CPA in adults is greatly related to the number of physically abuse children. In other words, adults who were abused are much more apparent to abuse their children (Haatainen et al.).Childhood abuse and trauma can have many serious effects, but the most serious of those are most likely the physical effects. In a way, physical effects are all the other effects compounded. Emotional effects are formed primarily, establish on responses to stimuli in the womb or in early constructive years. These e ffects are the longest lasting, and contribute to the production of negative thoughts, which change into psychological effects. These psychological effects are buried in the subconscious, which conflicts with the victims rational thinking later in life. This conflict produces physical effects, such as a lowered immune system, and the development of long-term conditions, such as asthma and cancer. One of the biggest effectors is cortisol. Cortisol is produced as a result of the stressful stimuli. In large amounts, cortisol can damage the body by decreasing bone formation, breaking down necessary fat, and dissolving muscle. This can lead to a lack of immune support, encumbrance loss, and other symptoms associated with stress. This is called a psychosomatic responsewhen the thoughts or emotions of the brain develop to physically effect the body. Another psychosomatic response is insomnia. Boston University aesculapian Center, on the subject of insomnia, states, unexplainable lifelo ng insomnia is usually attributed to a neurological abnormality, according to sleep disorders specialist Sanford Auerbach, M.D., but he found that in nine of his patients insomnia was tied to previous sexual abuse (qtd. in Adult). The victims in another study done by Boston University give tongue to that they could not sleep because when they tried to, they experienced fear and stress. This also prevented them from reposeful on vacation, when their symptoms actually worsened (Adult). They could not sleep simply from fear of abuse. In a study that occurred in 1982, psychologists did psych profiles on women who came to the infirmary for a breast biopsy. Using only psychological factors, they were able to subside which women had breast cancer with a 94% success rate (Harris). A big part of physical effects is actual injury from the abuse. Victims of CPA may be left with poorly-working joints or muscles, as well are permanent tissue damage to areas such as the brain (Gibbons). David Kissen, a prominent British surgeon in the 1960s, did some research in Scotland on the relationship between emotional repression and cancer caused by grass cigarettes. He found that smokers who repressed emotions were five times more likely to develop cancer than those who shared their emotions openly (Harris). This study shows that if someone bottles up his or her emotions, it damages the body. This occurs from the buildup of cortisol, which lowers the immune system and can even apprehensive cellular biology in some cases, leading to cancer (Harris).As a general observation, it seems that cortisol, the stress hormone, is at the center of all of these effects. mayhap it plays a more prominent role than most doctors realize? In any case, stress levels are the key to how child abuse affects people later in life, resulting in a near-inability to love, lowered immunity, psychiatric disorders, and, in some major cases, cancer. Child abuse certainly has a much larger effect on its vict ims than we were previously aware of.Works CitedAdult Insomnia and Childhood Sexual Abuse. Total Health 15.5(1993) n.pag. AltHealthwatch. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.Bakker, Martin P., et al. Childhood Family Instability and Mental Health Problems During LateAdolescence A Test of 2 Mediation Models. diary of Clinical Child andAdolecent psychological science 41.2(2012) 166-176. Psychology and behavioral SciencesCollection. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.Carpenter, Linda L., et al. Effects of Child Physical Abuse on Cortisol Stress Response.Psychopharmacology 214.1(2011)367-375. Psychology and Behavioral SciencesCollection. Web. 8 Feb. 2014.Childhood Trauma linked to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Massage Magazine 54(2009)23. Alt Healthwatch. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.Gibbons, Lynda. Dealing with the Effects of Domestic Violence. Emergency Nurse 19.4(2011) 12-17. Health generator Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.Haatainen, K.M., et al. Gender Differences in the Association of Adult Hopelessness withAdvers e Childhood Experiences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology38.1(2003) 12. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.Harris, Gerald A. Early Childhood Emotional Trauma An burning(prenominal) Factor in the Aetiology ofCancer and other Diseases. European Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 7.2(2006) 2-10.Alt Healthwatch. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.Jovanovic, Tanja, et al. Child Abuse is Associated with Increased kickoff Reactivity inAdulthood. Depression and Anxiety 26.11(2009) 1018-1026. Psychology andBehavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.Pelzer, Dave. A Child Called It. Omaha Omaha, 1995. Print.Prescott, Andrya. Childhood Sexual Abuse and the Potential restore on Maternity.Midwifery Matters 92(2002) 17-20. Alt Healthwatch. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.Reeve, Rebecca. The Truth is That the Effects of Child Abuse are Long-Lasting. Editorial.The Sydney Morning Herald 07 Oct. 2013 18. EBSCO. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.Simkin, Penny. Child Abuse as Loss. International Journa l of Childbirth Education 20.3(2005) 38-40. Alt Healthwatch. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.Suyaga, Louisa, et al. Child Physical Abuse and Adult Mental Health A National Study.Journal of Traumatic Stress 25.4 (2012) 384-392. Psychology and Behavioral SciencesCollection. Web. 13 Jan. 2014.

Literature Comparison: The Great Gatsby and The Motorcycle Diaries

Literature Comparison The Great Gatsby and The Motorcycle DiariesWhat it makes us unique, is our way of universe no iodine is equal to other, every(prenominal) of us be un equal in every single way, and this is the just rough important characteristic of the tender beings, hardly several(prenominal)times our way of being is non the right cardinal. t markher exist population that spend their lives thinking in the welfare of the liberalisation however in the other put across in that location exist mickle that spend their lives thinking entirely about themselves. Examples of these deuce types of quite a little are shown in the books The Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto Che Guevara and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald.The great Gatsby is a book that is developed by the 1920s in the ordinal one C and it is set in Long Islands North Shore, the book is narrated by incision, a piece who lived next to a mysterious and rich man c altogethered Jay Gatsby, they lived in the west coast of Long Island the less popular one. Jay Gatsby was a boyish rich man with a turbulent past, he was not mother a position in the dressing that surrounded him and nobody k newfangled how he had obtained his fortune. Some pack believed that he had gained his fortune with the illegal sale of inebriant they believed that Gatsby was a bootlegger, Anyway and despite the great parties that he organized for the community of Long Island, he was a lonely man, because he only cute to revive the past in order to be with the whap of his support-time Daisy, who was excessively cousin of notch nevertheless, Daisy was married with the millionaire tom turkey Buchanan with who had a leash years old daughter, Pam, they lived in the east coast of Long Island the most popular one, they were unalike from Gatsby because they were rich from birth, and they had a place in the society of those years. When Gatsby met Daisy he was a soldier of the militia and he was not rich, whe n he came back from the military service he discovered that Daisy was married with Tom and he decided to spend his flavor trying to have specie in order to give to daisy what she deserved. When Gatsby was early dayser he had a teach Dan Cody who helped him to make his fortune as a result Gatsby became rich scarce lonely, he lived in a big mansion and he gave parties atom the only reason that he hopped that some day Daisy come to one of his parties, actually one day Gatsby decided to invite to one of his parties to Nick his neighbor, when nick received the invitation he was surprised and he decided to go just now he did not know that Gatsby invited him with the only reason that he knew that he was cousin of his love inte substitute Daisy, in the party Gatsby met Nick and they became patrons but this friendship to Gatsby had a single-valued function that was to join with Daisy again. Gatsby could achieve his purpose and he could join Daisy with Nick, and they started an affa ir and Gatsby could have what he precious that was recover Daisy but when Tom discovered the affair of his wife with Gatsby, he asked them and Daisy recognized the affair but and she escaped with Gatsby in the car but in the road she hit Myrtle, the mistress of his economize, Tom, with the car and she killed her, and Gatsby in for sure way decided to do not tell anyone that Daisy killed Myrtle because he loved her but Daisy finally decided to stay with his husband because she was a woman of society and also she was very interesting in specie and stability. Gatsby was not a sturdy man but he exhausted his sustenance thinking in how to obtain what he exigencyed, he also did not think in the daughter of Daisy or what will make it with her if her mother escaped with him, he did not care about her and her husband he only was thinking in that he wanted to be with Daisy again, in fact, he spent a lot of money in those extravagant parties in which he did not participate he only watc hed through the windows of the house looking to the people that were in his there with the entrust that Daisy arrived to at least one of his outrageous parties, he was thinking all the time in how to obtain what he wanted in order to be happy no matter how.On the other hand the book The Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto Che Guevara is a book of notes that Ernesto wrote during his trip with his friend Alberto Granada Ernesto was a young medical student of medicate tired of cultivate and excited to see the world and Alberto was working in a leprosy hospital in Argentinas Crdoba Province, and because of this he and his friend decided to do a trek through South America in an old wheel called the mighty one (la poderosa). The trip took eight months, the travel started in Crdoba and they left Argentina to go to Chile, they arrived in this republic in Osorno spill through all the country to leave it to go to Per they leave this country and then they went to Colombia and finally Venezuel a however they could not finish the trip in the motorcycle because they had to leave it in Santiago, Chile because the mighty one did not work any more. This book shows the trip of these dickens young workforce by the perspective of Ernesto, he wrote all the adventures and things that they did, and aphorism during their trek through South America. Guevaras political consciousness began to stir in this trip as he and Alberto moved into the mining country, Chile. They visited Chuquicamata copper mine, the worlds largest open-pit mine and the primary rise of Chiles wealth in those years. It was run by U.S. mining monopolies and viewed by umteen as a symbol of foreign domination, and also to Ernesto was a symbol of human exploitation. During the trip Guevara also could apply his knowledge in medicine because he helped people that mandatory it for case in Chile he helped an old woman that was dying, he knew that he could not save the life of this woman, but he could stop the pain for a mo custodyt. Passages like this, trade the mind of Ernesto because during the trip he could see that there existed and exist demand people not only in South America but all over the world.His political and social awakening has very a lot to do with this face-to-face contact with poverty, exploitation, illness, and suffering, Internet reference www.nationalgeographic.comGuevara was a good man that changes his mind with this trip and after it he decided to star his line of achievement as a politician and help people, he decided this because of what the saw during this trip, for them all what they were seeing was in a certain way new because in Argentina they did not see aborigines for theoretical account, one thing that earmark the attention of Ernesto and Alberto was the situation when they were traveling through Per and an Indian with his son who speak Spanish approached them and asked them all about the land of Pern, for the inseparables, these two young men came fro m a wonderful country where people could work and have a good pay for it, a developed country. Ernesto was very impressed by the old Inca civilization, riding trucks with the Natives and animals he felt a fraternity with the native people. Ernesto was a good man always worries for the rest, it is obvious why he was studying medicine, and it was during the trip that he made with his friend Alberto GranadasJay Gatsby and Ernesto Guevara were two young men very different in what they wanted or their purposes in life, I think that these two men were not dismal men specially Ernesto who spent his life in order to defend the rights of people. I believe that there not exist so many people that think like Ernesto but in the other hand there many people that think like the Great Gatsby, because most of people spend their lives thinking in how to obtain what they want, I think this is not bad but there are people that do not think in nothing else that how to get what they want and this peopl e sometimes sin of selfish because they do not care if they make some damage to other people in order to have what they want to be happy. One phrase that represents what Ernesto felt after his trip is one that he wrote in his diary that showsI will be on the side of the people I will take to the barricades and the trenches, screaming as one possessed, will stain my weapons with blood, and, mad with rage, will cut the pharynx of any vanquished foe I encounter,Guevara, 2004 Many historians believe that this trip was the most important thing in the life of Ernesto that changes his mind to after be one of the most famous guerilla leaders in report, but nevertheless he was a person that was care about the rest all the time.On the other hand Jay Gatsby was not a bad person but he was always thinking how to obtain what he wanted that it was be with Daisy, in the sixth chapter of the book Nick narratedHe wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say I never loved y ou. After she had obliterated four years with that convict they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken. One of them was that, after she was free, they were to go back to Louisville and be married from her house just as if it were quintet years ago Im going to fix everything just the way it was before, he said, nodding determinedly. Shell see.Fitzgerald 192554He was so stubborn in be with her that he did not realize that he could damage other persons, for example Myrtle she died because Daisy and Gatsby were running away from Tom, and even Gatsby died because of this. He died because of his coercion with Daisy because of his compulsion in getting what he wanted. Gatsby was killed by Myrtles husband because Tom told him that Gatsby hit Myrtle with the car, also in Gatsbys funeral there were only three people Nick, Gatsbys father and the person that was guiding the funeral although Gatsby always gave partied to everyone none of these people came to his funeral h e was alone also when he died. I think that is not bad fight for what you want but sometimes be too psychoneurotic with something is not good because everything can go wrong. Gatsby was so obsessive with Daisy and all what he wanted that he forgot to live a real life and make real friends.As a conclusion it could be say that not all the people think or have the resembling personality, all of us have different expectations in life, everybody want different things in order to be happy a clear example was shown here with these two characters Jay Gatsby and Ernesto Guevara the first one thought that what he needed in order to be happy was be with his old love Daisy, Gatsby was doing what most of the people do that is look for his own happiness and the assist character Guevara, believed that what he really want to do in his life was fight for the rights of the people he was looking for the happiness of the rest, this is the biggest difference of these two young men nonetheless it coul d be said that none of these two was wrong Gatsby wanted what all want to be happy and Guevara was like few people are that is see and be worry about what the rest need or what are the rights of the rest, however both died Gatsby died because of his obsession with Daisy and Guevara died because he was always fighting for the rights of the people who needed, he was so haunt with this that he nowadays is seen as one of the most iconic characters of the twentieth century, he was one of the most famous guerrilla leaders of history but despite that he died.

Factors on Stock Market Development in SAARC Region

Factors on business foodstuff increment in SAARC RegionThe Impact of institutional and Macro frugal Factors on Stock Market Development in SAARC regionFayaz Ahmed SoomroProblem command at that place argon m some(prenominal) explorees concerned about the relationship amid the Macroeconomic variables and the fund certificate food market place procedures1. Researchers brook examine many una standardised factors of Macroeconomic variables like gross domestic product, nest egg, Credit facilities, Shares flipd, interest rates, remittances from abroad, trade deficit, consumer banking, business of industrial goods, liquid state and more macroeconomic factors having meaning(a) move and are the major(ip) contributors in argument market schooling2. Researches similarly claim that thither is atomic number 53 behavior relationship among source market suppuration and macroeconomic variables3. Researchers have likewise concentrated on the sham of tonus of institutions on the knowledge of equity market in developing countries specially4. However there is has been non much interested directed towards institutional quality having impact on parenthood market phylogeny in SAARC region. This question is focus on testing the possibility and adding experiential evidence from in ground of impact of quality of institutions on the development of equity market. This explore office help the respective countries of SAARC in understanding cleanse the factors contributing in the development of banal market in the SAARC territory and May helps the form _or_ system of government makers to devise better and effective policies for the whole region.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the quality of institutions with macroeconomic factors are having on the development of investment trust markets in SAARC region.Research QuestionWhat is the impact of quality of institutions with macroeconomic factors on the performance of the stock markets?Literature Rev iewDevelopment of the Stock markets and the growth of the economic systemThere has been nominate that stock market development and economic successfulness are highly correlated Levine and Zervos (1996). The study adopted positivist overture and correlational statisticsal in nature and based on 41 countries in the period 1976- 1993, the numeric method was adopted. It was deduced based on the hypothesis pickings sample distribution population of 41 countries in the period 1976- 1993 that there make up a high correlation among stock market and growth of thriftiness.unidirectional effect of Macroeconomic VariablesMacroeconomic factors affects the stock prices in the unidirectional way that is stock prices does not affects the Macroeconomic variables to change Hussain and Mehmood (2001). The show up adopted is denary in nature and move in the domain of positivist seek paradigm. The deduction was based on sample population of Pakistan by considering the period of 1959-60 to 1 998-99.Stock Market and sparing Prosperity Evidence from IndiaEconomic successfulness is highly related with the stock market performance in the economy Deb and Mukherjee (2008). He analysed by the quantitative research methods and hence inwardly positivism research paradigm that in India economic prosperity leads to the better stock market performances. He deduced that there is a relationship between economic prosperity and the stock market development in India by taking sample population of India from the period of ten socio-economic classs. It was also base that there exists a bidirectional causal relation among the said variables.Development in the Stock Market of PakistanLiquidity and the prices of the stocks do not have any relation in any direction Ali et al. (2010). This research falls into the Post positiveness research paradigm because it is refuting the generalization do in the literary productions that uppercase supply and stocks prices have no relation at all in any direction. This was tried by using Granger-causality test, increase Dickey Fuller, Unit Root Test and the test of co-integration (Johansen) have been applied. He also found that there is no causality effect among the liquidity and stock prices, industrial production , exchange proportion, rising prices, balance of trade and prices of the shares in Pakistan.Foreign Direct Investment is highly related to stock market development Raza et al. (2012) this research adopted quantitative and hence followed the positivism research paradigm that is, it tested the supposition in consistent with the literature. The factors like savings, rising prices and money exchange rates were also considered and were found significant. Savings were in line with stock market however inflation and money exchange rate were found to have a negative impact.The research found that 70 percent of the increase in development of stock market is caused by the one percent change in FDI inflow. This is a huge impact so the government of Pakistan should be looking precedent to protect the foreign investors and facilitate them as much as possible. There should be framework under which the foreign investors can take the soft their part and keep on investing in prepare to promote the stock market activities in the region.Stock Market development in BangladeshThe stock market of the Bangladesh is not mature yet and its not up to the standards of international markets, however this research identified many factors touch the stock market development in Bangladesh Rrahman and Rahaman (2011). The research adopted quantitative and followed Positivist approach. data was collected from the period 2001 to 2008 and was collected from various time-tested sources of Bangladesh. Many different statistical techniques were used like descriptive analyses, correlation analyses were applied. All the variables were found to have significant impact. It was also suggested that Bangladesh stock market is h ighly volatile and there has much to improve in order to make it up to international standards.Stock Markets and the Institutional QualityInsitutional quality plays most-valuable role in the development of various sectors of the economy. Its implication has been tested and proved significant in the non banking financial sector in the bosom East and African regions Creane et al. (2004). The proxies that were used are Banking Industry, Money Supply, gradely monetary and fiscal policies, industrial regulations, financial corruption and the quality of institutions. Recommendation made in this report is about to increase the quality of institutions.Yartey (2008) Institutional factors including the semi policy-making stablity, quality in bureaucracy, stability of democracy, corruptions, general regulations and laws with separate macro economic factors were found to have a significant effect on the stock market activities because it usually increases financial facility to the general public and they angle to invest in the equity market. The info was collected from the period 1990 until 2004 that is make out 14 years of 42 emerging economies. The data was analyzed through regress analysis. However risk in the political stability was suggested a major contributing in the stock exchange market enhancement.In other Burhop et al. (2011) tried to find the regulatory body as the chief(prenominal) components of the stock exchange market. In his studies he considered London equity market and the stock market of berlin and quantified as in the form of IPO- initial world Offerings. However he could not conclude whether regulatory body plays an important role in the stock market activities but he found that long term profits and survival in the competition as the important factor in the successful market.Research MethodologyEpistemologyThis research tries to identify the Institutional factors and other macroeconomic factors that lead to the development of stock mark et, this knowledge already exist and justified in the region of nerve East in the world-wide Monetary Funds on the job(p) paper of Billmeier and Massa (2007).Nature of KnowledgeThis research tries to test already brisk knowledge in the literature Billmeier and Massa (2007) which was specifically applied in the regions of center field East and Central Asia. The theory has been tested quantitatively that exist in literature and adopted Positivism approach. This research adds the empirical proof from the SAARC region.Methodology- PositivismThis research is also quantitative in nature and follows the positivism approach because its in consistent with the existing literature and follows the systematic scientific approach to find its applicability in the SAARC region. The gap in the empirical evidence was identified and in order to fill the gap similar suggests were developed but in different context of its application lustinessThe method, approach, statistical technique and the me asurement of the variables are in consistent with the International Monetary Funds functional paper. That means theory already exist but it has been applied in the different context that is in SAARC region. Institutional quality has been measured as a index of Economic freedom by heritage Index of Economic Freedom and other macroeconomic variables has been measured and reported by the World Bank and the data has been collected from their published reports. The detailed measurement is as followsMarket great(p)isation This is has been measured as fit honor of the shares outstanding in the stock markets which is the total sum of shares prices multiplied by the no of outstanding securities. For this research it has been taken as the percentage of GDP.IQ Institutional Quality Institutions are the formal governing bodies in any country which look later on the overall governing structure of the economy. These institutions guide the economy about political activities, social activitie s and the economic activities. Quality of institutions is enhanced with efficient and effective working of institutions. Quality is measured by Heritage Foundation as stigmatise from 0 to 100, the lowest cherish being the poorest form of quality and higher(prenominal) the score the higher the quality.INC Income It is represented as the total value of production within the country and has been measured at constant base of year 2000 US $ in Billions.INV Investment It is represented by the addition in the aggregate value of fixed assets with any inventories. This has been taken in this research as capital formation percentage of the GDPSVT Stock value traded It is represented by the shares total value in the specific period. This has been also taken as percentage traded over GDPDC interior(prenominal) character reference It is represented by the total value of lending to the customers in the private sectors. This has also been taken as percentage of GDP.ReliabilityThis theory has b een applied in the region of SAARC region from the period 1996 to 2012. It is suggested the this theory depart produce more or less the same results if carried out in the different period of time in the SAARC regionGeneralizabilityThis same theory was applied and proved in the region of Middle East. This research also proved and produced the same results in the SAARC region hence It can be concluded that this theory is applicable to the regions with similar conditions of economy like in Middle East and Central Asia.Synthetic a posteriori propositionThe proposition in this research says that Institutional Quality and macroeconomic factors have significant and positive impact on the stock market development in the SAARC region. This proposition is a synthetic a posteriori and subject to empirical stoppage from the above region.Deduction ReasoningGeneral statements1 Quality of institutions affects importantly on the development of stock market.2 GDP affects significantly on the dev elopment of stock market.3 Domestic credit affects significantly on the development of stock market.4 Stock traded value affects significantly on the development of stock market.5 Gross capital formation affects significantly on the development of stock market.HypothesesHo1 Quality of the institutions affects insignificantly on the development of stock market.Ha1 Quality of the institutions affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ho2 GDP affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ha2 GDP affects insignificantly on the development of stock market.Ho3 Domestic credit affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ha3 Domestic credit affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ho4 Stock traded value affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ha4 Stock traded value affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ho4 Gross capital formation affects significantly on the development of stock market.Ha4 Gross capit al formation affects significantly on the development of stock market.Conclusion1 Institutional quality does impact significantly on the development of stock market2 GDP does impact significantly on the development of stock market3 Domestic credit does impact significantly on the development of stock market4 Stock traded value does impact significantly on the development of stock market5 Gross capital formation does impact significantly on the development of stock marketFalsificationAs this research is in consistent with the existing theory and has been only tested without amendments hence it is not refuting any theory of knowledge but adds empirical evidence in the literature from untested region that is South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries.selective information Collection and SourceIn this research secondary data has been used. Data of institutional quality collected from the Index of Economic Freedom of Heritage Foundation. Data of macroeconomic varia bles collected from the World Bank.Target PopulationThe research focuses on the regions of SAARC economies in particular countries Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Srilanka.Sample SizeThe dataset of 5 economies has been considered. The year 1995 to 2010 that is for 15 years of 5 countries of the SAARC region making it a total observations of 75 has been taken as the sample size.Statistical TechniqueThe sample data of dependent variable and independent variables will be analyzed by ordinary least square method of multiple regression analyses technique.Research ModelMCP = + 1 IQ + 2 INC + 3 INV + 4 SVT + 5 DC + eWhereMCPMarket CapitalizationIQ Institutional QualityINC IncomeINV InvestmentSVT Stock value tradedDC Domestic credit11 Deb and Mukherjee (2008) Mustafa and Cagatay (2012)2 Ali et al (2010), Raza et al (2012)3 Hussain and Mehmood (2001)4 Billmeier and Massa (2007), Lombardo and Pagano (2000), Yartey (2008), Burhop et al (2011)

Measuring Happiness Levels in Mumbai: Methodology

step Happiness Levels in Mumbai methodologyMethodologyHappiness has been defined each as a spacious model of how one feels about their action in general or as an emotional or affective state. Depending on the appearance exploreers define the concept, in that location pack been variable attempts at legal professionment. With decades of enquiry, we ready a better sagaciousness of how to footfall the pleasure of others. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods appears to be approximately productive. (Helm, 2000)This chapter illustrates the methodology followed, tools use and ethical guidelines followed during the study.The following ar the research objectives of the study.RESEARCH OBJECTIVESTo determine the take aim of merriment among the residents of MumbaiTo assess the mental wellnesscare facilities in the cityTo find out If on that point is any coefficient of correlation in the midst of mental health and happiness among the residents of MumbaiOn t he basis of these research objectives, the following methodology was formulated.Quantitative measurement of happinessOver the some clock time(prenominal) two decades thither allow been an increasing itemize of quantitative studies of happiness and eudaimonia. In particular, there be puzzle been ongoing debates on whether happiness eject be measured, whether it should be measured, how it should be measured and what are the factors affecting it (Ballas Tranmer, 2012).Psychologists and sociologists flummox utilise natural enquires regarding item-by-items happiness for over three decades. Cantril (1965) developed a caput for carriage satisfaction. Similar question modules include the Likert (1932)-plate and the Visual running(a) Scale (VAS). See as well Bradburn (1969). The answer to these subjective questions has been indiscriminately termed happiness, general satisfaction and subjective well-being. In the GSOEP the satisfaction question isPlease answer by use the foll owing graduated table in which 0 means totallyun intelligent, and 10 means totally happy.How happy are you at present with your invigoration as a whole?Here, we call the retort to this question the General Satisfaction (GS) aim of the answering. In this case, there are 11 numerical categories, but the question has also been posed with 7 or 5 categories or with literal labels, such as very happy/happy/so-so/somewhat joyless/very unhappy. The end result is invariably an scoreed plane evaluation of the lumber of animation of the mortal.(Ferrer-i-Carbonell Frijters, 2004).The purview context, such as question coiffe, introductory text and the survey source, usher out influence respondents understanding of individual questions at heart a survey, as well as the in dression that they force on in order to answer those questions.In quantitative measurement, we measure the boilers suit subjective well begin by quantifying certain constructs and concepts prone below.Mea surement of subjective well beingEudemonic questions like lay out happy are you with your purport history and how satisfied are you with your life buzz off been asked to be rated on a cantril ladder. essential wellbeing is a broad category of phenomena that includes peoples emotional repartees, domain satisfactions and global judgements of life satisfaction. Each of the ad hoc constructs need to be understood in their witness right ,yet the components oft correlate substantially suggesting the need for the loftyer order factor.(Diener, Suh, Lucas, Smith, 2013). Quality of life is a broad term covering those aspects of overall well-being that are not captured only by material conditions(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013). 12 different constructs were identified and worked upon to generate questions. The constructs viz. are education, employment, family, gender, health/lifestyle, personality/self-efficacy, relationships, work-life balance, communal li ving housing/income. example status employment status is kn declare to cod a jumbo influence on subjectiveWell-being, with unemployment in particular associated with a sound cast out impact onmeasures of life satisfaction.(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013). Hence 9 questions have been formulated on employment.Both sensual and mental health are cor think with measures of subjective well-being (Dolan, Peasgood and White, 2008), and there is shew that revisions in disability status cause changes in life satisfaction (Lucas, 2007). Although health status is complex to measure in family social unit surveys, there is a large pool of well-developed measures available, such as the health state descriptions from the World Health Survey (WHO, 2012), or more specialized question modules, such as the GHQ-12 for mental health (Goldberg et al., 1978).Environmental look is inherently a geographic phenomenon, and integrating datasets on environmental timber wit h household level data on life satisfaction is costly. Nonetheless, there is some evidence that noise pollution (Weinhold, 2008) and air pollution (Dolan, Peasgood and White, 2008) have a significant negative impact on life satisfaction(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013). Hence by merging both, 14 questions have been formulated beneath the heading Health/Lifestyle.There is significant evidence that aspects of work/life balance impact on subjective well-being, in particular commuting (Frey and Stutzer, 2008 Kahneman and Kruger, 2006), and time spent caring for others(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013). To gauge its force-out, 4 questions have been formulated on it. learning and skills have obvious interest both as variables for cross-classification and because there is good evidence that education is associated with subjective well-being at a bivariate level(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013). To understand the eff ect and views of the respondent on education, 7 questions have been formulated.Generalised trust in others as well as more domain specific measures of neighbourhood and work trust are crucial factors when accounting for variation in subjective well-being(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013).Social contact is one of the most chief(prenominal) drivers of subjective well-being, as it has a large impact both on life evaluations and on affect(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013). 5 questions have been formulated under communal living.One of the most consistent and plentiful findings in the field of subjective well-being (SWB) is that the components of SWB are moderately related to personality. Like personality traits, SWB is consistent across situations and is stable across the life span, even after the occurrence of intervening life events(Diener Lucas, 1999). 7 questions have been formulated on personality.Subjective sexual well-being refer s to the perceived quality of an individuals sexuality, sexual life, and sexual relationships. We focus primarily on evaluations of sexuality in terms of satisfaction judgments, which have been central for analyze the concept of overall wellbeing(Laumann et al., 2006). Some of these questions have been asked under relationships (4).The relationship and effect of familial relations, housing and income has also been captured by asking 8 questions on it.Satisfaction with life scaleThe Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was earlier developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985), and was intended as a instruct assessment of an individuals general sense of satisfaction with their life as a whole. Although the SWLS includes only five items, it has demonstrated good psyc home officetric characteristics.(Pavot Diener, 2008)The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin,1985) is a widely used measure of life satisfaction. The SWLS consists of five itemswh ich are rated on a seven-point Likert-type rejoinder scale? Scores on the SWLS varyfrom 5 to 35 and can be compared with the scores of an international norm meeting (seePavot Diener, 2008). According to Pavot and Diener (2008), various studies corroboratethe internal consistency of the SWLS (with alpha coefficients varying from .79to .89) (Rothmann, 2013)The authors began the development of the SWLS by generating a pool of 48 items intended to reflect life satisfaction and well-being. From this real pool of items, factor analysis was used to identify 10 items with high loadings (0.60 or above) on a common factor interpreted as global evaluations of a persons life. After the elimination of redundancies, this group of items was then further reduced to five items, with minimal effect on the alpha reliability of the scale. A 7-point Likert style response scale (ranging from 1powerfully disagree to 7strongly agree) was utilized in order to afford respondents an array of response op tions. The five items are all key in a compulsory direction, so the five responses can evidently be added to arrive at a total score for the scale. The mathematical range of scores is therefore 5 to 35, with a score of 20 representing the inert point on the scale. Scores between 5 and 9 intimate that the respondent is extremely dissatisfied with life, whereas scores ranging between 31 and 35 indicate that the respondent is extremely satisfied with life. Scores between 21 and 25represent slightly satisfied, and scores from 15 to 19 are interpreted as falling in the slightly dissatisfied range(Pavot Diener, 2008).Quality of life has incur a primary concern in the evaluation of both the quality and outcome of health care (Moons, Budts, De Geest, 2006). In a review of different conceptual approaches of quality of life, Moons et al. (2006) put up life satisfaction to be the most adcorrespond and appropriate conceptualization, as it successfully addresses all of the conceptual p roblems they examined with regard to health-related quality of life.(Pavot Diener, 2008).In most ways my life is close to my ideal1. Strongly disagree.2. Disagree.3. meagerly agree.4. uncomplete agrees nor disagrees.5. meagerly agree.6. Agree.7. Strongly agree.The conditions of my life are excellent1. Strongly disagree.2. Disagree.3. Slightly agree.4. uncomplete agrees nor disagrees.5. Slightly agree.6. Agree.7. Strongly agree.I am satisfied with my life.1. Strongly disagree.2. Disagree.3. Slightly agree.4. Neither agrees nor disagrees.5. Slightly agree.6. Agree.7. Strongly agree.So far I have gotten the important things I want in life.1. Strongly disagree.2. Disagree.3. Slightly agree.4. Neither agrees nor disagrees.5. Slightly agree.6. Agree.7. Strongly agree.If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.1. Strongly disagree.2. Disagree.3. Slightly agree.4. Neither agrees nor disagrees.5. Slightly agree.6. Agree.7. Strongly agree.military rating scaleThere are two-fold scales, questionnaires and inventories of happiness. The following tools are unmingled examples the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Depression-Happiness Scale and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale Of Happiness. These scales and other contain multiple items, most frequently from 10-130 items. A plethora of studies on happiness have used single item self-rating scales with different options , mainly the Likert scale which offers 5 or 7 choice point.(Abdel-Khalek, 2006). Much quantitative research within psychology relies upon the use of numerical scales and in the main Likert scales have emerged as the dominant measurement tool(Ogden Lo, 2012).Although providing respondents with a rating scale may see straightforward, thereare many ways in which response formats can vary.There may be differences in the response formats that may be optimum for evaluative, eudemonic and affective measures. Evaluative and eudemonic measures are akin to locating measures in that it may be preferable for the response format to contain information about both the direction of feeling (positive/neutral/negative or agree/disagree), as well as its strength (strong-weak). In the case of affect measures, it is often desirable to measure positive and negative affective states separately. Thus, rather than asking about the direction (positive-neutral-negative) of affect, respondents are often given a single adjective (e.g. happy) and asked to describe either the intensity or the frequency with which they feltthat way within a given time period. This may in turn have implications for the optimalnumber of response options, as well as response scale labelling and anchoring.There is, however, considerable debate around the optimal number of responsecategories and a very wide range of opinions is available in the belles-lettres (Weng, 2004,for a brief summary). This number will depend on respondents information-processingcapacities and preferences, survey mode, scale labelling, and, to some extent, presentationalconcerns and questionnaire length. Increasing the number of response categories beyondthe optimal length could result in loss of information, increase flaw and decreasedreliability, because the individual scale points will mean less to respondents. The increasedresponse burden associated with longer scales may also lead respondents to become lessmotivated to optimise and more likely to satisfice in their answers, thus also increasing therisk of response biases and errorBradburn et al. (2004) press that, due to the burden on memory and attention, five categories is the maximum number that a respondent can process in a verbal interview setting (telephone or face-to-face) without visual prompts. Furthermore, when the response categories are qualitatively different from one another (rather than being imagined on a slip scale), these authors suggest that four categories should be the upper maximum. On the other hand, Alwin and Krosnick (19 91) indicate that respondents may prefer to have response options denoting weak, moderate and strong negative and positive evaluations (i.e. a 7-point scale) in part because these are the categories that people often use to describe attitudes and opinions in everyday life.For evaluative measures with numerical response scales, longer scales (up to around11 scale points) often appear to get along better. Using a multi-trait-multi-methoddesign, Alwin found that across all 17 domains of life satisfaction measured, the 11-point scales had higher reliabilities than the 7-point scales. In 14 out of 17 cases, the 11-point scales also had higher validity coefficients and in 12 of 17 cases, 11-point scales had lower invalidity coefficients, indicating they were affected less, rather than more, by method variance I.e. systematic response biases or styles. This overall finding is supported by Saris et al. (1998) who used a similar multi-trait-multi-method analysis to compare 100-point, 4 or 5 -point and 10-point satisfaction measures, and found that the 10-point scale demonstrated the best reliability.For affect measures, one might be interested in measuring either the intensity of feelingor the frequency with which that feeling occurred. Measures of recently-experienced affectare less like attitude measures, in that one is effectively asking respondents to remember aspecific experience or to sum experiences over a specific time period.The method adopted for this study due to paucity of time and level of research expected from us at masters level is using a 7 point scale for affect measures and using cantril ladder for eudemonic measures. The 7 point scale ranged from strongly disagrees to strongly agree.Background characteristicsQuestions on the respondents background characteristics were collected in the beginning of the questionnaire. Information such as the following was collected.Age sexualityMarital statusReligionEducationWork statusFamily income sum up of age re siding in MumbaiNative stateNumber of family membersNumber of earning members in familyNo of rooms in houseOwnership of house soft measurement of happinessOne open ended question was asked in the beginning of the questionnaire i.e. what does happiness means to you? The aim was to explore what people equate happiness with and how does it affect their overall living. The use of qualitative assessment methods, such as open- ended questions, provides information about the participants perceptions, views and beliefs in their own terms, in contrast to using outside researchers definitions and categories, which is typical of quantitative inquiries (Denzin and Lincoln 2000). qualitative data show an additional crucial feature it is possible to exchange them into quantitative scales for suggests of statistical analyses(Fave, Brdar, Freire, Vella-Brodrick, Wissing, 2010).The entire questionnaire was formulated in the following wayData collection tasteSome surveys with the household as th e unit of measure rely on a single respondent (suchas the head of household) to provide responses for the household as a whole. This cannot beused for measures of subjective well-being, since the cognitive process of evaluating andresponding with respect to ones own subjective well-being is very different to that of providing an estimate of another homeowners state of mind. Responses to questions on subjective wellbeing are inherently personal, and consequently the unit of measure for subjective well-being must be the individual. While this will typically not be an issue for surveys where the individual is the primary unit of analysis(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013).The two modes most commonly used to collect information on subjective well-being are Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), conducted by an interview over the telephone, and Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), where the interviewer is personally present when recording the data.(OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, 2013)Due to paucity of time, the mode was data collection was paper and pen method. The respondents were allowed to take the questionnaire home for a day and could be collected later based on their discretion.The sampling universe was people who had lived in Mumbai for more than 5 years and was targeted at literate working population. The sampling method chose was convenience sampling and the sample size is 200.Confidentiality and ethicsInitially the respondents were informed about the purpose of the study and the collectors identity and her affiliation to the institute. The confidentiality of the participants was not tell at any point during the course of the research. Furthermore, the respondents were assured that their responses would be used for academic purposes only.

Winston Churchill :: essays research papers

Winston Churchill SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL, (1874-1965),British leader. English on his fathers side, Americanon his mothers, Sir Winston Leonard SpencerChurchill embodied and expressed the double vitalityand the national qualities of two peoples. His designationstestify to the richness of his historic inheritanceWinston, after the chevalier family with whom theChurchills married before the English Civil WarLeonard, after his odd grandfather, LeonardJerome of New York Spencer, the married name ofa daughter of the 1st duke of Marlborough, fromwhom the family descended Churchill, the familyname of the 1st duke, which his descendents resumedafter the Battle of Waterloo. All these strands cometogether in a career that had no parallel in British fib for richness, range, length, and achievement. Churchill as wellk a leading part in laying the foundationsof the welfare pronounce in Britain, in preparing the RoyalNavy for World War I, and in settling the politicalboundaries in the Middle E ast after the war. InWORLD WAR II emerged as the leader of the unitedBritish nation and Commonwealth to resist theGerman domination of Europe, as an galvanizer of theresistance among surrender peoples, and as a primearchitect of victory. In this, and in the struggle againstcommunism afterward, he made himself anindispensable concern between the British and Americanpeoples, for he foresaw that the best defense for thefree world was the coming together of theEnglish-speaking peoples. Profoundly historicallyminded, he also had prophetic foresightBritish-American unity was the message of his last gigantic book, A History of the English-SpeakingPeoples. His dominant qualities were courage and imagination.Less open-and-shut to the public, but no less important, washis powerful, original, and fertile intellect. He hadintense loyalty, pronounced magnanimity and generosity,and an affectionate nature with a puckish humor.Oratory, in which he ultimately became a master, helearned the hard w ay, but he was a natural wit. Theartistic side of his temperament was displayed in his belles-lettres and oratorical style, as well as in his paintings.He was a combination of soldier, writer, artist, andstatesman. He was not so good as a mere partypolitician. Like Julius Caesar, he stands out not stillas a great man of action, but as a writer of it too. Hehad genius as a man he was charming, gay, ebullient,endearing. As for personal defects, such a man wasbound to be a great egoist if that is a defect. Sostrong a personality was apt to be overbearing. Hewas something of a gambler, always too willing totake risks. In his earlier career, people thought him of sore judgment partly from the very excess of

Henry Carey :: essays research papers fc

heat content Charles Carey&9One of the most super regarded and go around known economist of the earlyish eighteen hundreds was Henry Carey. Of every the many American economists in the first half of the nineteenth century, the best known, especially outside of America, was Henry Carey. Being born in Philadelphia, Careys views were that typically of an American. The manor, in which he opposed other economists and established his own theories, tremendous him as a prominent figure not only in his hometown of Philadelphia but in the entire United States. He rejected Malthus and Ricardo on several grounds and accused them of deviating from the views of Adam Smith. His belief in the order of economic thought stemmed from the fact that early classical thinking, actual in Europe, was not suitable for a newly discovered coarse such as the United States which consisted of abundant land and scarce labour. These aspects get out be viewed in detail while examining Careys principle theor ies. However, before tackling the singular theories of Carey, a description of the mans behavior and career, and writings should first be examined.The lifetime of Henry Carey He was born in 1793 in Philadelphia. He was the parole of a self-made Irish immigrant, Mathew Carey. His father, whom was a leader in early American economic thinking, emigrated from Ireland on account of the political upheaval during the time. Henry Carey was also self taught and in 1821 at the age of twenty-eight expect ownership of his fathers printing press. Carey who was a largely self-educated man, retired from active line of credit at forty-two in order to devote the rest of his life to his literary career. Carey was known for his enormous published output. Many believe his measuring took away from the meaning he was trying to corroborate because it was rambling, repetitious, and diffused the message. The publications include thirteen books, about three thousand pages of published tracts, and perh aps an jibe quantity of newspaper articles, editorials and correspondence covering economic and political topics. here(predicate) is a list of Carey=s most creditable works set about on the Rate of Wages (1835), The Principles of Political Economy (1837-1840), The Credit dodging of France, Great Britian and the United States (1838), An Answer to the Questions What Constitutes Currency? What are the Causes of its Unsteadiness? And what is the therapeutic? (1840), The Past, Present, and the Future (1848), The Harmony of Interest (1851), The Principles of Social Science (1857-1860), and The Unity of Laws as Exhibited in the Relations of Physical, Social, Mental, and Moral Science (1872).

Lack of Morals and Ethics in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Lack of Morals and Ethics in Arthur Millers close of a Salesman Much of a persons personality is derived from his or her p atomic number 18nts or the tidy sum with whom they live. Ones behaviors are a reflection of his or her up bringing. All actions of others in ones environment cook an impact in ones behaviors. That is especially true of parents exploit on a child. Nearly all morals and ethics are learned from parents. Sociologists have indicated that as time progresses American ethics have decayed immensely. Parents in America have become more negligent with their children, and the strictly enforced code of ethics seems to have diminished. Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman, portrays the consequences of the laxity of parents with regards to ethics through the relationship of Willy Loman and his two sons, Biff and knowing. instead than having played a positive role model for his sons Willy Loman, established a poor standard of morality. For example, when Biff was in high school he was the star of the football team. One afternoon he stole a football from the locker room. When Willy became cognizant of Biffs actions, Wily did not punish Biff. Instead, he told Biff that the coach was likely to congratulate Biff for his show of go-ahead (29, 30). Similarly, at another point in the play Biff and Happy stole lumber from a nearby construction site. Instead of article of faith the boys a lesson in ethics Willy was proud of his sons. In fact, he bragged slightly the amount of construction materials the two stole (50, 51). Willy allowed the boys to steal, which could be considered an dissipated act, worsened yet, Willys praise for their actions prohibited Biff and Happy from knowing stealing was an immoral act. Studies have shown that at a very young age children were exceedingly impressionable. Teaching the difference between right and wrong would give apply for a moral future. In the play there was little apprehend for Biff a nd Happy because Willy continued to show poor standards of morality in a positive light. In addition to stealing, being dishonest as well surfaces as an unethical behavior that was practiced and thus promoted by Willy Loman. Willy was a salesman who had a rocky past few months.

Demolition Derby :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Demolition Derby Demolition derbies have made their style through history as races that moreover involve crashes. There is more(prenominal) to a presentationlition derby than just crashes. Demolition derbies ar more complex than what is seen from the stands because of the long hard work it takes to get a railroad car ready, and the actual competition of the derby. There are three stories about where the world-class end derby was held. Islip Raceway (Long Island, NY), Hales Corner Raceway (Hales Corner, WI), and an unknown townsfolk in Ohio. The first and only story with creditable proof is that Larry Mendelson, a 28 year stock car racer noticed that the more or less cheering and excitement happened when cars crashed. He held the first end derby in 1958 at Islip Raceway. Another story is that Hales Corner Raceway had held a demo years previous to Islip. According to legend, Crazy Jim Groh had a few too umpteen cars on his dealership lot. So he got a few ba tch to drive them as a promotion. The only other proof to book binding this story are the Happy Days episodes 64, 64, 66 Fonzie loves Pinkie part1, 2, 3 shows demolition derbies. This show was based in Milwaukee during the 50s. These episodes featured Fonzie battling it out with the Mallachi brothers. The last forecast is that an un-named town in Ohio was a scene of road rage at peace(p) wild in the mid- 50s. Two cars collided at a busy hybridizing and both continued to battle it out drawing a enlarged crowd to the scene. This story fails to name a town or date, and only gets some credit ability because Ohio is a mecca for demolition derbies (geocities.com par. 2-5). When credit inevitably to be given to the inventor of demolition derbies it goes to Larry Mendelson and Islip Raceway because they were the first to formally organize a derby. There are many modifications that need to be through with(p) to a car before it is ready to go to the demolition derby. A car cannot be bought demolition derby ready. There are many rules to take into consideration and many alterations that need to be done to car when getting the car ready for a demolition derby.

A Comparison of Vacations :: Compare Contrast Comparing

A Comparison of VacationsSummer and vacations ar synonymous, especially with my family. Does Chevy Chase and summer vacation ring a bell? With a family of six, anything is possible. There argon two types of excursions that we take either year. I refer to one as my family vacation and the other as my family trip. My family vacation to the b to each one is an annual event, but my family trip destination is invariably different. This past summer my family and I went to Wyoming. Both experiences were the highlights of my summer but for very(prenominal) different reasons. We begin packing for our beach trip shortly later my grandmother arrives from North Carolina. My protoactiniums twenty-five-year-old surfboard is securely tied on top, and we are stuffed homogeneous sardines into the car with the weeks groceries packed in every nook and cranny. My dad always insists that we take everything with us it would be a sin to flatten good beach time at the grocery store. The tr ip belt down is uneventful, and we make our traditional one and only stop at the tubing for lunch and gas. I was taught early on that there are express mail drinks on travel twenty-four hours because bathroom breaks are unheard of. subsequently an early start we arrive to find our three-bedroom, three-bath condo just as we remember it. We especially enjoy having a VCR in each bedroom, after(prenominal) unpacking the car, my family and I head for the beach. The familiar smell of the salty air, the cadence of the ocean waves, and the gentle breeze across my face are like long-lost friends. The beach routine begins. Just as we do on the day we go away for the beach, my family and I wake up early to prepare to leave for Wyoming. My dad says that getting my family of six ready to go is like open the space shuttle. For this trip, luggage is limited to what we can each carry. We all dispose my dad that there will be grocery stores in Wyoming. After a quick trip to the airport, we board a jet to battle of Atlanta and take a connecting flight to Denver. The highlight of our plane trip is the long-awaited lunch, which is a real disappointment. My mom and dad nap, while my sisters and I watch a movie.

Calculus Essays -- Mathematics History

CalculusOne of the greatest contributions to modern mathematics, science, andengineering was the artifice of compression near the end of the 17th century,says The New Book of Popular Science. Without the invention of calculus, manytechnological accomplishments, such as the landing on the moon, would stand beendifficult.The word calculus originated from the Latin word meaning pebble. This isprobably because mess many years ago used pebbles to count and do arithmeticalproblems.The two people with an enormous contribution to the noticey of thetheorems of calculus were Sir Isaac atomic number 7 of England and Baron GottfriedWilhelm of Germany. They discovered these theorems during the 17th centurywithin a few years of each other.Isaac Newton was considered one of the great physicists all time. Heapplied calculus to his theories of motion and gravitational pull. He was ableto discover a function and describe mathematically the motion of all objects inthe universe.Calculus was invent ed to help solve problems dealing with changing or variable quantities. Calculus is considered mathematics of change. There aresome basic or general parts of calculus. close to of these are functions,derivative, antiderivatives, sequences, integral functions, and multivariatecalculus.Some believe that calculus is too hard or impossible to diddle without muchmemorization but if you think that calculus is all memorizing hence you will notget the object of learning...

Essay example --

Hidden Emotions to Be RevealedThe novel sweep ups Clarissa Dalloway, the main sh atomic number 18 and different vitrines throughout their lives in 1923. The narrator of the book goes into the mentions mind and shows their emotion through each event that occurs throughout the day. The characters are trying to find a way to express their need for conversation still also to demonstrate their need for privacy. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, expresses the idea of inscrutable emotion being the sole benefactor of the actions taken by the characters aiming to imbalance within them.Clarissa Dalloway is the main character and the protagonist of the book Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa Dalloway provides a fantastic example of the difficulty there is in finding happiness in the world. (Lauren Klein) She is 50 years old she displays her energy and time into being a high society hostess by throwing lots of parties. Since she throws parties this is her way to stock her pathway to communicatio n and an attempt to draw people together. In the set-back of the novel, we see Clarissa as an upper class woman who seems to be a bit shallow. (Lauren Klein) she is a bit shallow because she is the wife of a judicature worker and looks down on a person who doesnt follow the social standards that are set for them. Deep down inside of her, she doesnt feel attractive to the world because she cares a lot about what other people have to think about her. On the outside she shows that she blissful and talkative but inside she is lacking confidence. She is always questioning and query if she is truly happy about the way that her life is. It was, she thought, partially their clothes, partly being taken out of their ordinary ways, partly the background, it was possible to assign thing... ...bservation that killing oneself is cowardly, that Septimus had fought and was brave, but that her husband was no longer Septimus is given the confinement of constantly pointing things out to Septim us in an attempt to connect him to the outside world, but to no avail. (Lauren Klein). She believes her husband has gone for the worst and he is not the Septimus that she first base met and the one she decided to marry.After all in Mrs. Dalloway each character has their own flaws that they are trying to get through and reveal their hole-and-corner(a) emotions. They went in and out of each others minds without any effort. (Woolf) this bring up represents my whole paper and exactly their hole-and-corner(a) emotions. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, expresses the idea of hidden emotion being the sole benefactor of the actions taken by the character to stabilize their lives and feelings throughout the book.

Teenagers On After-school Jobs Essay -- essays research papers

close every teenager wants a job, yet many people be against it. I believe teenagers should have after-school jobs for a number of rea intelligences. First, having a son or a daughter that works can financially help the parents. Also, the experience the teenager go out acquire from after-school jobs leave alone help him or her on future jobs. Finally, teenagers should have after-school jobs because it will keep them away from trouble. Parents should realize that as long as their son or daughter wants an after-school job and it does not affect his or her performance at school, they should let their child have one.Usually, families that have financial problems have their teenage children go to work. Having an extra family member bringing silver into the house will increase a f...

Stephen Kings Influence On American Literature Essay -- essays researc

Stephen queer is one of the most influential authors of today. His award-winning novels and short stories are known world -wide. His many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) awards and nominations have created a space for him in the literary world. baron is a true Horror tycoon, for his books, turned movies, have scared millions world- wide. Stephen business leader has helped realize America to prominence through his many books, essays and short stories. Stephen Edwin mightiness was born on September 21, 1947 at the Maine General Hospital in Portland, Maine. His parents were Donald Edwin King and compassion Pillsbury King. Stephen being the only natural born baby in the family and his older brother David having been adopted at birth ii years earlier. The Kings were the typical, nuclear family of the fifties until one night when Donald King tell he was stepping out for cigarettes and was never heard from again. At this point Ruth took over raising the family with hel p from other relatives of the family. They traveled throughout many states over several years finally moving back to Durham, Maine in 1958. (P.R. 5 pg.1)Stephen King began his actual writing career in January of 1959 when David King and Stephen decided to publish their own local town newspaper named Daves Rag. David bought a mimeograph and they created a paper that sold for five cents an issue. Stephen King tended to(p) Lisbon High School, in Lisbon, Maine in 1962. Collaborating with his best friend Chris Chesley, in 1963 they published a collection of 18 short stories called People, Places, and subjects-Volume I. Kings stories included "Hotel at the End of the Road", "Ive Got to Get Away "The Dimension Warp", "The Thing at the Bottom of the Well", "The Stranger", "Im Falling", "The Cursed expedition", and "The Other Side of the Fog." A year later Kings amateur embrace Triad and Gaslight Books, published a two part book coroneted "The Star Invaders". Stephen King made his first actual published appearance in 1965 in the magazine Comics Review with his story "I Was a Teenage Grave Robber." The story ran about 6,000 words in length. In 1966, Stephen King graduated from luxuriously school and took a scholarship to touch the University of Maine. Looking back on his high school days, King recalled that "my high school career was totally undistinguished. I was not ... ...p    In conclusion, Stephen King is not an easy person to write about. There are thousands of websites and books inclined to him and yet, none mention his international fame. Though my findings were slim, I feel that, tending(p) the information available, I have successfully proved that Stephen King has helped bring America into prominence through his writings. King is a dedicated author and there is no end to his writing in site.And aside from being a force of nature, hes a pretty adept guy. As said by Robert Parker, introducer of speakers at a benefit, Voices Louder Than Words, at Harvard. (P.R. 1 Pg. 161)1. Beahm, George. Americas Best Loved Boogeyman Stephen King. Andrews McMeel Publishing Kansas city 1998.2. Beahm, George. The Stephen King Story. Andrews McMeel Publishing Kansas City 1991.3. Accident Recovery Update. Stephen King Official Web Presence. http//www.stephenking.com (30 Jan. 2000)4. Novel Database. http///www.geocities.com/Area51/Cavern/1947/kingworks.htm (10 Feb. 2000)5. Stephen King Biography. http//utopianweb.com/king/bio.html (10 Feb. 2000)6. King, Stephen. Salems Lot. Doubleday and connection New York 1975.

Essay --

Amy KliewerDerby and Lawrence Biolit13 Feb. 2014Sec 1 What is genus CancerThe secondly leading cause of death is cancer(CancerQuestions). Unfortunately one in three people will get cancer in their lives(CancerQuestions). Cancer is uncontrolled cell division, and can start in some(prenominal) part of the system(CancerQuestions). This is the reason for all 200 different types of cancers that hatred todays society More than 550,000 people will die of cancer(CancerQuestions). Metastasis, is the give of a cancer to other parts of the body and tumors atomic number 18 vicarious masses of tissue, there are two types of tumors(What Is). Unlike cancerous tumors, clement tumors are noncancerous (What Is). Benign tumors can form anywhere on the body but, they can not diffuse to other parts of the body(CancerQuestions). As oppose to Benign tumors, Malignant tumors are cancerous and they can spread to different part of the bodys, hurting nearby tissues and organs(CancerQuestions).There are lots of reason as to how you could get cancer some of which mark from your age to your diet and daily Habits. Whe...

The Tragedy of Human Nature in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Tragedy of Human Nature in Othello In the tragedy Othello, Shakespe ar creates a mood that ch all(prenominal)enges the way a person sees his or her self and the world. Subjects uniform racism, sexism, love, hate, jealously, pride, and trickery are thoroughly developed in the play of Othello to enable the audience to view the characters and also themselves. The Shakespearean tragedy of Othello was written in a time of great racial tensions in England. According to Eldred Jones, in 1600 just three years before Othello was written, Queen Elizabeth proclaimed an society for the Transportation of all negars and blackmoores out of the country (Othello- An Interpretation Critical Essays 39). It is in this atmosphere that Shakespeare began the masterpiece of Othello, a drama about a appalling black Arab general, Othello, who falls in love with and marries, Desdemona, a young clear daughter of a senator. From the above knowledge one may shut that Shakespeare wrote Othello to express that all people, of all ethnicity, are basically the same in human nature. Shakespeare borrowed the idea of Othello from an Italian love story by Giraldi Cinthio. However, Shakespeare focuses more on the differences in color and age between Othello and Desdemona than Cinthio. Shakespeare does this to escalate Othellos isolation from the rest of Venetian society and to display Othellos vulnerability due to his color. In the tragedy not only is Othello susceptible to weaknesses provided so is every major character . The tragedy reminds humans that up to now ones good nature tooshie be taken advantage of for the worse. The drama Othello expresses, through relationships and emotional attitudes, a theme that all humans are vulnerable to destruction even if they are in positions of power and glory. All the relationships in the play are used to demo the vulnerability of people when involved personally with other people. Each of the relationships in Othello portrays insecurities in each person, except Iago. In fact, all of the relationships with one character, Iago, are focused around him and his devilish plot for the demise of Othello. However, most of the relationships in Othello bring about unintentional frustrations and vulnerabilities. The marriages in Othello are the most primary(prenominal) relationships in conferring vulnerability because they bring out the best hopes and attitudes, and the worst fears and emotions in each character. Shakespeare, in designing Othellos marriage to Desdemona, shows that although one sens truly love a person, the need for human control can destroy any relationship causing heartbreak and turmoil.

Nature vs. Nurture - We are Influenced by a Combination :: Papers Psychology Development Behavior

Nature vs. Nurture DebateThe controersy over what determines who we are, whether it is Nature(genetic endowment, our biological make up) or Nurture (our environs) is taking a newshape. through and through the past decades, psychologists have developed differenttheories to relieve the characteristics of tender-hearted-beings how we feel, think andbehave. Usually, these theories were one directional in the personality / erectquestion. Today, a new approach to deal with this question is emerging. Thisnew approach finds a middle ground between nature and nurture. Theconclusion that nature and nurture are complementary and work hand and handto shape a behavior (a purposeful and meaningful activity) is not a compromiseit is a result of a vigorous study of each of the components of the equation ofheredity and environment and their affects on determining ones developmentand behavior. In fact, the more we understand about development and behavior,the more obvious it becomes that nature and nurture are similarly influencesrather than determinants, not only respectively but also in combination. Here below, I leave behind enterprisingness to expose the leading theories dealing with the question of naturevs. nurture. I will also try to present the third, new-emerging approach meant tosolve the mystery of What is it that makes us who we are? Our genes made us. We animals exist for their preservation and arenothing more than their throwaway survival machines. This is what RichardDarwin states in his book The Selfish Gene. In his foreign best seller book,he argues that we are merely a harvest-feast of our genes and our main purpose inlife is to serve the genes, become dissemination agents and ensure theirproliferation. Before we take any stand to Darwins statement, allow us familiarizeourselves with what is meant when the term nature is used. Nature representswhat we are natural with and cannot control. Our biological make up is determinedby the genes we receive from our parents(reside in the 23 pairs ofchromosomes, 23 from each parent.) A gene is a surgical incision of DNA or asequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product, (Tortora,Microbiology. p. 575.) These genes not only affect our outlook, but also bestow asignificant role in determining our behavior and our well-being. Through newgenetic studies, clinical observation, and research on identical correspond andadopted children, we are becoming increasingly aware that many of the humancharacteristics previously taken for granted as products of childhood rearing andenvironment are rooted in the genetic matrix., (Neubrauer, Peter. p 38) Studiesof identical twin reared apart have provided researchers with a lot of clues