Confucian Values And Japans Industrialization :: essays research papers

Confucian Values and Japan's Industrialization Many factors helped aid in the dynamic growth that occurred in Japan and the four little dragons during the post-World War 2 period. Some of these factors were situational factors unique to the time but some of the factors were cultural. The legacy of Confucianism in Japan and the four little dragons helped to further the goals of industrialization that these nations had. The traditions of Confucianism provided for Japan and the four little dragons both a pliant public and a model for choosing competent leaders. Confucian traditions placed an emphasis on the values of the group over the individual. This helped industrialism by creating a pliant populace who were willing to accept long hours and low wages and not question government policies. The traditions of Confucianism taught workers not to question authority. These traditions carried over into the post war period and allowed authoritarian regimes in the four little dragons to go unquestioned by the public. This lack of dissent allowed the four little dragons to have stable governments which were critical to investment and industrialization. The stability of these nations was a direct result of Confucian values being indoctrinated into the population. Confucian placement of the group over the individual and strong belief in filial piety also caused families and local communities to accept social responsibility for members of their community. This safety net that was provided by communities and families allowed the government to limit it's spending on social welfare programs and thus channel more funds into infrastructure and industry. Confucianism also placed an emphasis on self-cultivation which has helped East Asian Countries to have a skilled and ambitious work force. The tradition of self-cultivation like the work ethic that Max Weber credited Protestantism of producing lead people to strive to acquire new skills, speak foreign languages, and in the offices and businesses of Japan, drive workers to strive with in their firms to improve group performance. Confucian traditions also placed emphasis on the creation of a meritocratic elite and the use of entrance exams. These traditions were in place before World War 2 in the East Asian countries but they helped aid in the carrying out of the industrial policies of the post-war government of Japan and the little Dragons. The traditional system of a meritocratic elite was adopted in the post war years in the form of meritocraticly chosen bureaucracy that made and carried out many government policies. This elite was free from many of the strains of politics and thus was able to carry out policies that democratically elected leaders might not be able to pursue do to the changing feelings of the

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay

Short Answer Questions Address the following based on the above assessment findings. Expected answers will be 1-2 paragraphs in length. Cite and reference outside sources used. 1) Compare and contrast identified similarities as well as differences in expected assessment across the childhood age groups. There are so many differences from the toddler stage to school age. The body and mind go through so many changes. Children are learning so much from being able to drink from a cup, control their bladder and bowels, brushing their teeth, learn values and beliefs, discover independence. There are so many challenges that they may face as they discover the environment around them. The people that they will meet on the playground, in the library, the store and at school, will help shape their lives. As you have seen that the toddler age child needs structure and guidance while they learn how to do everyday tasks on their own. The preschool child still needs structure and guidance but may start to do things on their own like pour their own milk to dressing themselves. The school age child is learning independence, learning how to be independent, seeking there self-concept and sense of identity. 2) Summarize how a nurse would handle physical assessments, examinations, education, and communication differently with children versus adults. Consider spirituality and cultural differences in your answer. A nurse should always introduce themselves first then they need to be calm, speak softly and earn the child’s trust. Children need to know the step by step process of what will happen, they are usually scared and need reassurance. Get to know what they like, if a child brings in a stuff animal, ask the child what the name is. Let them know you care about them, and what they care about. They need to be involved as much as they can in their care. Their parents also need to be involved with whatever is going on with their child. Consider the families cultural differences and spirituality regarding treatment, examinations, assessments, communication. When assessing an  adult you should introduce yourself first, answer any questions they may have regarding their assessment, treatment and any education that may be given. Ask if they want anyone else involved with their treatment. Make sure all their questions are answered. References How a child develops. (2011, January 1). Retrieved from http://www.howkidsdevelop.com/developSkills.html Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical Examination & Health Assessment 6th ed. St. Louis, MI: Mosby. Edelman, C., & Mandle, C., (2010). Health promotion through the life span. 7thed. St. Louis, MI: Mosby.

The Struggle Through Adolescence Essays - 1930 Words

Adolescence has been depicted as a time typified by stress and storm for both, parents and friends of adolescents.This is evident with increased disagreements between both parent-child and peer relationships. Hall, (1904) suggested that this period occurs due to a search for identity. The following essay will examine and provide evidence to understand why there is an increase in conflict throughout a period of adolescence. During the period of adolescence, children often clash with their parents and friends more frequently than they do later in life. This occurs as they search for independence and a sense identity. Supporting evidence, ranging from 1998 to 2012, will be examined in order to determine the effect that the changes in†¦show more content†¦This is confirmed by Ehrlich, Dykas Cassidy (2012) who found that an increase in conflict in early adolescence is normative across a range of adolescents. These changes in behaviours were viewed as critical in the development of autonomy. Rather than a focus on conflict, Ehrlich, et. al, (2012, p 780-782), explained these clashes by establishing the normality of separation from the family. Statistically, students engage in at least one disagreement with friends and three to four with parents daily. These disagreements are not characterized by storm and stress, but rather a differing opinions. Such arguments were found to reflect a transition towards negotiating through communication, rather than unnecessary arguments (Ehrlich, et. al, 2012, p, 781). Consequently, despite the increase in conflict, this was determined to be of benefit in assisting the adolescent in personal development. Role of Parents in Conflict (Van Doorn, Branje, Vandervalk, De Goode, Meeus, 2011) Despite adolescence increasing the regularity of conflict, disagreement is part of everyday life for both adults and children. As a result, it is necessary to manage such conflict effectively in order to maintain constructive relationships. Attachment theory suggests that adolescents derive much of their social behaviour from interactions with parents (Bowlby, 1969). Consequently, the way in which parent-child conflict is negated assists the child to developShow MoreRelatedThe Psychology Of Addictive Behaviors1333 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology of Addictive Behaviors in the life of Adolescence When dealing with addictive behaviors in Psychology, people find that adolescents are more likely to get involved with addictions and uncontrollable wants with things such as alcohol, smoking, drugs, sex, and much more. With those subjects listed, the age groups more prone to opening up doors to these addictions are the ages of 18-23. This is said for a number of reasons. There is loneliness from living away from home, there is more personalRead MoreThe Hero with One Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell1447 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar to that of adolescence, the path between childhood and maturity. The Hero’s Journey was created by a man by the name of Joseph Campbell. He wrote a book called The Hero with One Thousand Faces, a novel containing a variety of stories that follow the steps of the Hero’s Journey. One famous creation that follows The Hero’s Journey is the science fiction film trilogy: Star Wars, created by George Lucas. Lucas depicts the struggles tha t take place along the path of adolescence through the story ofRead MoreEssay On Adolescence1045 Words   |  5 PagesObservational Journal Concerning Adolescence INTRODUCTION: Often adolescence is described as an awkward and reckless period in one’s life; a phase parents dread and individuals struggle to trudge through with their sanity. However, looking past the challenges that may arise at this point in a person’s life, adolescence is a time to explore your identity and take on new responsibilities. Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to early adulthood, starting around 10 to 12 years old andRead MoreThe Effect Of Physical Development During Adolescence On Academic, Social, Sexual, And Emotional Development Of Boys And Girls997 Words   |  4 Pages How do the differences in the speed of physical development during adolescence affect the academic, social, sexual, and emotional development of boys and girls? During adolescence, teens often struggle with their body changes, mood swings and social issues, these effects both teens and their families. It is important for both to understand what is happening to the teen physically, cognitively, and socially in order to build a healthy relationship. Physical development occurs rapidly during teenRead MoreUnderstanding Adolescence Problems Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Problems of Adolescence: Concept Analysis There are several problems that adolescence encounter on a daily basis that are part of life and growing up. These problems can range anywhere from anger, anxiety, and attitude to sex, homosexuality, or violence. Almost everyone at some point and time of their adolescence, experience situations in their lives that are common to several others in their age range. The things that we go through during this time period help mold us into youngRead MoreAdolescence Is A Part Of Life That Everyone Will Go Into A Functional Self Sufficient Adult1461 Words   |  6 Pages Adolescence Adolescence is thought of by most people as a difficult time between the ages of 12 and 18 that comes with an absolute certainty of change. All types of change, it can be physical, psychological, social, and people even change on a chemical level. Adolescence is also a time that people start to find themselves and they are able to make their own choices and become their own person. It is a very crucial period in an individual’s life because it is the moment to become independent, orRead MoreThe Shape Of A Girl Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesBeing on the verge of adulthood and having just left the simplicity of childhood, teenagers have always been particularly complex and enigmatic individuals. While most people struggle to see things from an adolescent perspective, Canadian playwright Joan MacLeod is well-known for her accurate portrayal of teenagers. In 2002, she published The Shape of a Girl, a play related to the dramatic story of a young girl named Reena Virk who was tra gically affected by bullying, a characteristic behavior ofRead MoreDiscuss the concept of adolescence as a social construct and its validity for different cultures1117 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the concept of adolescence as a social construct and its validity for different cultures. Adolescence describes the transitional stage in a teenager’s life, from childhood to adulthood, where an individual evolves physically, psychologically, emotionally, cognitively and socially. It is a defined social category that is expressed through immaturity and unpredictability and allows an individual to learn and discover their sense of self and identity. The idea of adolescence came into perspectiveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1336 Words   |  6 PagesThey take this instantaneous relief and run with it. Their romance is a paradisiacal escape from the current loneliness that plagues them both. Furthermore, this connection that blooms out of isolation relates back to the intergenerational power struggle that partially formed it. What represents adulthood and maturity even more than guns and violence? Marriage. A wedding is the ultimate signifier of a transition into adulthood. You part with your childhood upbringing to start a new life with a partnerRead MoreAdolescent Separation and Individuation Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pages Adolescence serves the purpose of reorganizing the self and abandoning the security of childhood in the quest to forge a new identity. As adolescence sets in, teens naturally proceed through the ongoing task of separation and individuation from the family unit. Even under optimal circumstances, some teens face anxiety surrounding the new sense of responsibility; others appear to seamlessly leave this phase behind prepared for the accountability that comes with adulthood. Regardless of how difficult

The Prince After The English Civil War - 1035 Words

Changes in political views are usually done under the pretense of social and political mayhem. Niccolo Macchiavelli wrote his book The Prince after having assisted in the creation of a republic in Florence at a time when several Italian states were fighting for control. Philosopher Thomas Hobbes wrote his work The Leviathan under the English Civil War when it was clear that the king was not able to keep his people safe. These backdrops of political unrest helped mold both philosophers attitudes toward both the government and the people living under it. Machiavelli saw the stability of the state with utmost importance, using any technique available such as deception to keep it together. Hobbes on the other hand saw government as a solution to the brutish and dangerous state of nature that all men originally find themselves in, creating a system for people to opt in as long as they do not attempt to undermine the sovereign. Niccolo Machiavelli is seen as a cut-throat political theorist who is often cited when talking about the immorality of politics. While this argument may be a little heavy-handed, his views on treachery and deceit certainly play a role in how critics have viewed him over the last 500 years. A repeated theme in his book is his willingness to break promises that go against your interest. Machiavelli believes wholeheartedly that a ruler [is never] short of legitimate reasons to justify breaking his word. (Ch. 18 p. 3) For example, Machiavelli oftenShow MoreRelatedOliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain1393 Words   |  6 PagesParliament, Oliver Cromwell was a strong critic of King Charles the 2nd and in 1642, when King Charles the 2nd started the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell started to raise troops and joined the Parliamentary forces, fighting against King Charles the 2nd. It is in the English Civil War where Oliver Cromwell gains his renown and fame. In the beginning of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell became a cavalry commander. Even though he had no military experience, he had a good knowledge of horsesRead MoreWhy Did Charles Lose the Civil War?1039 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did King Charles lose the civil war? In April 1642, the Civil war started in England. The civil war ended up by King Charles losing the war. And in my essay I am going to talk about many reasons why Charles lost the civil war. In 1642 most people thought that King Charles would win the civil war, as he had won the battle of Edge hill, but unfortunately King Charles did not take advantage of this opportunity and marched to London. King Charles didn’t know what to do when it came to bigRead MorePolitical Systems Thematic Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pageswhen laws limit the power of the monarch so they cannot rule absolutely. These two political systems affected not only their own country, but the whole of Europe as well. Mainly under the influences of the two leaders Louis XIV, Charles II, James II, Prince William, and Queen Mary. One of the most known rulers that ruled with absolute power in France was Louis XIV. Louis ruled for many years and was considered one of the most powerful rulers in French history. Louis often said, â€Å"L’à ©tat, c’estRead MoreParallels Between The Syrian Civil War And Romeo And Juliet1197 Words   |  5 PagesNandhini Ekambaram Ms. Merino-Ott English honors 9 26 February 2017 Parallels between the Syrian Civil War and Romeo and Juliet When people say history repeats itself, they are not lying. A modern conflict in today’s world can relate to the events that happened in a play written in the 1500’s. The play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, can relate to the ongoing Syrian Civil War. In both circumstances, people not anticipating the consequences of their actions made decisionsRead MoreReformation in Continental Europe and England and Its Consequences1611 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing this, the Great Western Schism also contributed to the loss of papal authority as it split Christian Europe into hostile camps, because three different men were claiming to be the true Pope, each having some support from different kings and princes of Europe. Finally, the corruption of the Renaissance papacy, such as that of Alexander VI (who did not keep the celibacy vow) resulted in loss of papal credibility. As the Holy See was not as powerful anymore, it was suffering from attacks on theRead More Reformation in continental Europe and England and its consequences1616 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing this, the Great Western Schism also contributed to the loss of papal authority as it split Christian Europe into hostile camps, because three different men were claiming to be the true Pope, each having some support from different kings and princes of Europe. Finally, the corruption of the Renaissance papacy, such as that of Alexander VI (who did not keep the celibacy vow) resulted in loss of papal credibility. As the Holy See was not as powerful anymore, it was suffering from attacks on theRead MoreEssay Origins of the English Civil War1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe English Civil War of 1642-1651 can be considered as a feud between the King and the English Parliament. Long before the onset of the civil war, Parliament and king Charles I had distrusted each other. As a result, Parliament often refused to finance the king’s wars. Unable to gain enough support from Parliament, Charles I challenged local control of nobles and landowners, who composed of the majority of Parliament, by â€Å"levying new tariffs and duties, attempting to collect discontinuedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1490 Words   |  6 Pagesare met with carelessness according to their own. Shakespeare’s affair that abrupt accomplishments can generally accept adverse after-effects is illustrated through Friar Lawrence’s analysis of Romeo and Juliet’s accord and Lord Capulet’s hasty accommodation of Juliet’s alliance to Paris. Shakespeare’s affair that abrupt accomplishments can generally accept adverse after-effects is illustrated through Friar Lawrence’s analysis of Romeo and Juliet’s accord and Lord Capulet’s hasty accommodation ofRead More Essay on Rewriting History in Henry IV1066 Words   |  5 PagesFirst Part of Henry the Fourth follows history fairly closely, and Shakespeare draws this history primarily from Raphael Holinsheds Chronicle of England, Scotland, and Ireland and from Samuel Daniels verse epic The Civil Wars (Abrams 823).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play opens shortly after Henry Bolingbroke has usurped the throne from Richard II, becoming the fourth King Henry, and changing the royal lineage from the House of Plantagenet to the House of Lancaster. In the opening sequence, Henry IV isRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli was One of the Leading Writers During the Renaissance Period1235 Words   |  5 Pagesand humanist, based in Florence and is considered to be the patron of contemporary political science, including political moral code. His most famous work was â€Å"The Prince† which was printed in 1532, five years after his death. The main subject of this book is the philosophy of administration (carried out by the ruling class ‘’princes’’) and how, one should make use of any means including immoral, to retain complete power. The book was criticized substantially since it seemed that the author was encouraging

Distance Learning Or Traditional Classroom - 1609 Words

Rajkumar Kalirajan Lisa Byrne ENG: 1510 Date: 10/15/2017 Distance learning or traditional classroom? Every one dreams to get a Harvard education but only a selected few will reach the traditional class room style enrollment. But the dream remains a dream for many and the only way to get the Harvard or MIT education to everyone is distance education. If not Harvard even mass education of the society is not easy and the distance education is the only way to do that. Distance education is getting more popular in current word partly because of the technology that promote the learning experience and less cost of education than a physical university class. Like the name suggests distance education is technology based instruction in which†¦show more content†¦Despite many advantages and disadvantages of distance education I choose to discuss three main groups which are involved in the distance learning. The first group is institution, second one is faculty and the third is students. The institutions which offer a distance education need not build a big building to accommodate number of students, only need a small studio to telecast the class and that is enough to reach larger audience, eliminates the commuting costs and promote green revolution. On the other hand, the institution must acquire state of the art technology for a seamless and un-interruptive transmission of lecture which might require heavy investment in the beginning. The faculty might not be trained to teach before a camera and initially they may not perform well. Finally, the student may not be motivated or vigilant to grasp the lecture easily because of remote nature of the class and the students may have missing physical component of the instruction. For example, a student cannot get eye contact of a professor while teaching to show a gesture to initiate a question. From institution perspective, online courses can reach a much larger audience, with students from greater geographic regions than traditional classroom courses. Also, the institut ions can generate more revenue through offering more classes atShow MoreRelatedEssay on Distance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom1550 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distanceRead MoreEssay on Distance Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Comparative1573 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distanceRead MoreOnline vs Traditional Learning Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesand the level of flexibility in distance education programs. Recently, the internet has developed into a reliable capital of information for college seekers. Everything from applying for financial assistance to taking a course can be done online. Now, a student can even obtain online degrees from one of many schools offering online education as a practical choice to a traditional classroom education. There’s a load of information regarding online education, and distanc e education is becoming increasinglyRead MoreComparing Online Learning to Traditional Education962 Words   |  4 PagesThere is currently a substantial growth in the number of students enrolled in distance learning courses due to the quickening pace of our society. Student are no longer forced to drive or attend classrooms in person in order to attend classes. It is quickly becoming favored not only among parents, but also among students. Though many individuals view online learning to be a more structured environment with fewer social distractions, just as many view it to be an easier or inferior way to obtain anRead MoreDistance Education Disadvantages1377 Words   |  6 Pagesskin. Distance education can provide people with a way to earn an education if they are on a budget. Distance education, according to â€Å"http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/SocialSciences/ppecorino/China-QCC-DE/Advantages-Disadvantages-DE.html† â€Å"Allows for the internationalization of learning opportunities† â€Å"Centralized resources can produce higher quality materials for distribution† â€Å"has the potential to equalize access to education† they conducted a survey on how the students are engaged in distance educationalRead MoreThe Distance Learning Program Is Not A New Instructional As It Has Really Been Since The 1700s?1746 Words   |  7 PagesDistance-learning program is not a new instructional as it has really been since the 1700s. However, traditional education styles that the teacher standing in front of a classroom is still the mainstream of education at the present. Distance learning has a satisfied and limits faced by teacher but it focuses on student’s requirements and have to use computer and Internet to communicate between learner and teacher. In term of traditional education are related with experience teaching for example,Read More Distance Education Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Education Distance education is a process that creates and provides access to learning when time and distance separate the source of information and the learners(Zhang, 1998, p.1). Distance education defies time and space and can help create a virtual schoolhouse, or a ‘classroom without walls’(Wheat, 1998, p.1). The need to take the distance out of education has not been driven largely by sheer need to bridge physical separations. It has been based mainly on providing accessRead MorePreserving the Learning Process682 Words   |  3 PagesThe Classroom or the Web? There is a dispute among experts that traditional learning is the best way of preserving learning process, but other models are beginning to gain attention and respect, with distance learning leading the way. When comparing learning an equal course in a traditional framework to a online learning framework, students often express higher satisfaction from the online learning, and rate the learning as more successful than the traditional framework. It has also been arguedRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Traditional Classroom Education1660 Words   |  7 Pagesthe option to attend school in a traditional classroom setting or attend online in the comfort of their own homes. Both options have their benefits. However, in most cases, a traditional classroom education better prepares students K-12 for their futures by encouraging self-discipline and communication between teachers and peers. Online learning, also known as distance learning, is growing rapidly throughout the United States. The 2012 survey of online learning determined that â€Å"the number of studentsRead MoreOnline Learning Vs. Online Education1372 Words   |  6 Pagesis growing in popularity as more colleges and universities offer alternative enrollment programs. While there may be advantages and disadvantages of online learning. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages, especially for those who may face obstacles in pursuing a college education. Online education can be an alternative means to classroom instruction. Online instruction allows students to have a flexible schedule while taking college courses. Moreover, flexibility and convenience of online education

Behaviorism after the founding Free Essays

Behaviorism as the third force in psychology have started out as a theoretical proposition of John B. Watson when he came out with â€Å"Psychology as The Behaviorist Views It† and have been known as the behaviorist manifesto (Benjamin, 1997). Watson proposed that psychology is the study of behavior and have put forth four major assumptions that form the tenets of behaviorism as a school of thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviorism after the founding or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first assumption is that of evolutionary continuity which means that the laws of behavior are applicable to all living organisms. This assumption has substantiated the behaviorist’s use of animals in the study of human behavior. The second assumption is that of reductionism, this refers to the behaviorist’s belief that all behaviors have a physiological basis and that behavior is the body’s reaction to a stimulus. The third assumption is determinism, behaviorists support the idea that animals respond to external stimuli in specific ways and are inherently programmed into one’s brain from birth. The last assumption is empiricism which is one of the cornerstones of behaviorism and that it is the contention that only overt actions or behavior are measurable and observable and lend itself to the scientific method. Thus, to the behaviorist, psychology should be the study of overt behavior. B. F. Skinner was a self-confessed convert to behaviorism after reading Watson’s monograph; he was also influenced by the experimental studies of Ivan Pavlov (Bjork, 1997). Skinner developed a theory that was based on the classical conditioning paradigm of Pavlov and integrated it with his own definition of behaviorism. Skinner’s major work is his theory of operant conditioning, wherein he said that behavior can be conditioned through reinforcement and behavior diminishes when it is not reinforced. He borrowed from Pavlov the basic idea of conditioning, but instead of limiting it to a stimulus-response paradigm, he incorporated the importance of rewards and punishment, which means that behavior is not only exhibited as a response to a stimulus but also as a form of association between the reinforcement given after the behavior. Skinner’s theoretical position made it obvious that he deviated from Watson’s radical behaviorism, because conditioning a she defined it involves cognition which Watson has strongly eradicated from his propositions. Moreover, the emphasis given to reinforcements and punishments hint at the need to acknowledge mental processes in the study of behavior. Skinner’s work was well received by the academic community much even that Watson’s initial paper was and this have spurned the interest of like minded psychologists who did support the methodological implications of behaviorism but was not receptive of the radical arguments of Watson. Skinner’s ideas made more sense because it did not advocated the idea that men are not thinking beings and were more able to capture how man behaves. Skinner’s kind of behaviorism somehow married the opposing views of mind and behavior and also gave importance to how environmental experiences and influences shape human behavior. Moreover, operant conditioning was applicable in a number of areas most notably education, child rearing and animal training (Skinner, 1966). Skinner’s behaviorism has also influenced other psychologists to study and conceptualize psychological phenomena using the principles of operant conditioning and indeed was the kind of behaviorism that has flourished for the last century or so in the field of psychology. Contemporary behaviorism have been identified as the study of social learning, wherein a behavior is learned through socialization and socialization is the process by which behavior is rewarded or punished by society (Smith Woodward, 1996). The evolution of behaviorism from Watson to Skinner and to the present has been made possible by the vast research and theoretical models developed by psychologists who adhere to contemporary behaviorism. One of the hallmarks of behaviorism is the use of animals to study human behavior. Animal research has proven to be useful in understanding how man learns or can be trained to exhibit a certain type of behavior (Benjamin, 1997). Although animal behavior is limited, it nonetheless becomes necessary for behavioral scientists because ethical considerations in using a human subject in risky experiments are not permitted. For example, doing a research on the effect of light illumination to sleep deprivation is probably unethical to do on humans. Although animals are not exactly anatomically similar to humans, animal physiology and anatomy have been well studied and documented that tracing the reactions of mice to light will be easier and scientifically sound. The generalizations made based on this study is however limited but is an acceptable margin of error. Moreover, animals can be easily manipulated and subjected to experiments than humans because they operate on an instinctual level and do not have to process the information given to them. The knowledge gained in studying animals is numerous but especially have been concentrated on learning and behavior and to some extent how drugs affect the brain or the body. Animal research can help us understand human behavior better because to some degree we share with them basic drives that are necessary for our existence and hence, learning how animals react to stress or hunger can give us the information needed to adequately explain behavior. Animals exhibit simple behaviors which humans share and have grown in complexity over the years but if analyzed is based still on simple behaviors. References Benjamin, L. (1997) A History of Psychology: Original Sources and Contemporary Research 2nd ed. New York: McGraw –Hill. Bjork, D. (1997) B. F. Skinner: A Life. Washington: American Psychological Association. Skinner, B. F. (1966). The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis. 7th printing. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Smith, L. Woodward, W. (1996). B. F Skinner and Behaviorism in American Culture. London: Lehigh University Press How to cite Behaviorism after the founding, Papers

George Shrinks Essay Example For Students

George Shrinks Essay George shrinks is a story about a little boy named george that isnt gettin anything that he wants. He gets mad at everyone he knows and makes a wish to the world that he wanted to be small so that nobody could see him and he could sneak around doing anything that he wanted. His wish came true and he went to his room and played with all his toys. IT was very fun and he played with his toy plane and flew all around. He kept playin and playin playiing and playing and playing and plying utill he died and went to the fleet canter to kill bart simpson and bill cosby. After the meteore hit sherman klump came and ate some refride squid beans. Then all of a sudden a flash flood hit as george clooney showed up on the top of the empire state building. He jumped off but lived after a horrible chicken accident happenind in downtown times square. The tree in the forest fell down. How much woodwould a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? there is a story that colin marcher had an affair with him. it was a keith kind of day. there were flowers in the medow and also in the dancing queens throne. how many times do i have to tell you that if you throw a turte out of your window it may die unless if its wearing a protective knee cap ring. bada bing bada boom i fell into a shroom. sherlock homes just had an affir with mr ed. Words/ Pages : 264 / 24